Struts 2 does not like mathematical operators in attribute names

If mathematical operators (+, -, *, /) are made part of an attribute name then Struts 2 may mis-interpret them during lookups. Say if one uses "user-name" as attribute name for storing an object in request scope. On attempt of retrieving this variable from request scope using-

request.getAttribute("user-name");

if Struts 2 does not find this variable in request scope then it looks in ValueStack using OGNL. The OGNL interprets "user-name" as an expression something like ${user - name} and looks for two attributes "user" & "name" and returns difference of value of "user" and "name". This will lead to ClassCastException in your code when you do something like-

User user = (User) request.getAttribute("user-name");

because Struts 2 will return a BigInteger.

Moral of the story, never use mathematical operators in attribute names at least with Struts 2 and of course with JSTL also.

Bottom Up JAX-RPC web service with JWSDP

A simple step by step guide to develop a bottom up web service using Java Web Services Developer Pack.

Step #1 Install JWSDP

Download Java Web Services Developer Pack 1.6 (JWSDP) from http://java.sun.com/webservices/downloads/webservicespack.html and install it. The installation directory will be called hereafter as $JWSDP_HOME.

Step #2 Write code and Package war file

Write an interface and implementation of it. This interface will be exposed as web service through servlet end-point. Write a configuration file named jaxrpc-ri.xml and save it in WEB-INF folder of the project. This configuration file contains information about web service interface and it’s implementation, location of WSDL file, web service URL. All these information will be used by JWSDP at the time of processing input war file for generating web service.

The jaxrpc-ri.xml looks like below-

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <webServices
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/jax-rpc/ri/dd"
    version="1.0"
    targetNamespaceBase="http://myhost/myService"
    typeNamespaceBase="http://myhost/types"
    urlPatternBase="/myWs">

  <endpoint
    name="MyWebService"
    displayName="My Web Service"
    description="Test JAX-RPC web service"
    wsdl="/WEB-INF/myWs.wsdl"
    interface="myPackage.MyWsInterface"
    implementation="myPackage.MyWsImplementation" />

  <endpointMapping
    endpointName="MyWebService"
    urlPatternBase="/myWs" />

</webServices>

The web.xml must have following entries-

<listener>
  <listener-class>com.sun.xml.rpc.server.http.JAXRPCContextListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<servlet>
  <servlet-name>myWs</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.sun.xml.rpc.server.http.JAXRPCServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>myWs</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/myWs</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

Step #3 Process war file

Copy above created war file say myWS-in.war to $JWSDP_HOME/jaxrpc/bin directory and create a directory named tmp there. Open command prompt and go to above mentioned directory and fire following command-

$ wsdeploy -o myWs.war myWs-in.war -keep -tmpdir ./tmp -verbose

This will create a war file myWs.war, which is ready to be deployed on Tomcat.

Step #4 Deploy Processed war file on Tomcat

Now deploy the processed war file, myWs.war on Tomcat and start Tomcat.

Step #5 Generate Web Service client

Create a file named config.xml with following contents-

<configuration xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/jax-rpc/ri/config">
  <wsdl location="http://localhost:8080/myWs/myWs?WSDL"
  packagename="myWsClient" />
</configuration>

Here location is the URL of the web service WSDL, which may change according to server installation, hence update it accordingly and packageName is the package name of the generated web service client classes, which could also be changed to anything.
Save config.xml in $JWSDP_HOME/jaxrpc/bin directory. Now fire following command-
$ wscompile -gen:client -keep config.xml

This will create a directory name $JWSDP_HOME/jaxrpc/bin/myWsClient, create a jar file containing this directory. This way web service client is ready. This directory name depends upon the packageName specified in config.xml.

An example of client accessing web service is given below-

public class WsTest {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    try {
      MyWsImpl stub = new MyWsImplService_Impl().getXXX();
      ((Stub)stub)._setProperty(Stub.ENDPOINT_ADDRESS_PROPERTY, "http://myHost/myWs/myWs");
      // call the desired method
      stub.xxxXXX(. . .);
    } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }

}

Switched to 64bit Linux

I bought a new shiny AMD Athlon64 3800+ 64bit machine with NVIDIA GeForce6100 GPU. After inserting the Ubuntu 6.06 CD the installation was a breeze, much simpler than the Windows one. Ubuntu detected all hardware without any problem.

The honeymoon ended in 10 minutes when system refused to accept any input from keyboard and mouse. Hard re-boot was the only option to get out of the deadlock. System was never ran more than 15 minutes at a stretch. Google search hinted about possible graphics card driver issue.

The software install and update feature of Ubuntu is great, far better than Windows updates. This article has a good info, how to install NVidia binary drivers. After installing latest graphics drivers system is running flawless.

Now I have abandoned the Windows and switched over to Linux :-)